01-The Nature of Psychology

**Psychology** means the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, a science that began with the fundamental questions of ancient Greek philosophers and took on a scientific aspect in the late 19th century with the establishment of the first experimental laboratories. This field, having passed through schools such as behaviorism, psychoanalysis and Gestalt, today analyzes various aspects of human existence from five main perspectives: biological, behavioral, cognitive, psychoanalytic and mentalistic. By using systematic research methods such as conducting experiments to determine the relationship between cause and effect, measuring correlations between phenomena and direct observations, experts in this field try to test their hypotheses in various fields from memory and learning to social influence and mental health, while being required to observe ethical principles such as informed consent and protecting the privacy of individuals.